Chapter 2 of the Bhagavad Gita, titled “Sānkhya Yoga” or “The Yoga of Knowledge,” begins with Sanjaya narrating the scene to King Dhritārashtra. Arjuna is deeply troubled, his heart filled with compassion and sorrow as he faces the battlefield. Lord Krishna observes Arjuna’s turmoil and addresses him, questioning the source of his delusion and urging him to rise above his weakness.
Krishna admonishes Arjuna for his cowardice, reminding him of his duty as a warrior. He encourages Arjuna to overcome his petty weakness and stand up to fight. However, Arjuna expresses his inner conflict, questioning the morality of fighting against revered figures like Bhishma and Drona. He argues that it is better to beg for a living than to kill his teachers and relatives. Arjuna admits his confusion and seeks guidance from Krishna, surrendering himself as his disciple. He confesses his inability to find a solution to his sorrow, even if he were to gain immense wealth and power. Arjuna declares his reluctance to fight, leading to a moment of silence. Krishna, with a smile, addresses Arjuna, pointing out the contradiction in his words. He chastises Arjuna for mourning those who should not be mourned for and questions his claim to wisdom. Krishna then imparts profound philosophical teachings to Arjuna, emphasizing the eternal nature of the soul and the transient nature of the physical body. He explains that the soul is eternal and immutable, unaffected by birth and death. Krishna teaches Arjuna to endure pleasure and pain with equanimity, knowing that the true self is beyond the dualities of the material world. He elucidates the concept of karma, stating that one should perform their duty without attachment to the fruits of their actions. Krishna reassures Arjuna that the soul is indestructible, impervious to weapons or elemental forces. He advises Arjuna to fulfill his duty as a warrior without hesitation, reminding him that death is inevitable for all beings. Krishna urges Arjuna to fight for righteousness, knowing that even death in battle leads to heavenly rewards. Krishna concludes by introducing the path of yoga as a means to transcend the bondage of karma. He assures Arjuna that practicing yoga with determination leads to liberation and freedom from fear. Krishna warns Arjuna against being swayed by the allure of material desires and encourages him to cultivate a steady mind through meditation. He emphasizes the importance of discernment and detachment, advising Arjuna to rise above the influence of the three modes of nature (gunas) and remain established in his true self. Krishna instructs Arjuna to act without attachment to the fruits of his actions, fulfilling his duty with unwavering resolve. In summary, Chapter 2 of the Bhagavad Gita presents profound teachings on duty, righteousness, and the nature of the self. It addresses Arjuna’s inner conflict and provides him with spiritual guidance to overcome his doubts and fears.