Verse 18-15, Verse 18-16

Whenever a person engages in action, whether it be physical, verbal, or mental, there are five causes or factors that determine the nature and consequences of those actions, as mentioned in the previous verse. These factors collectively influence whether an action is considered right or wrong, just or unjust. It highlights the complexity of human actions and the multitude of factors that shape them.

Those with a discerning intellect, possessing a higher level of awareness and understanding, perceive themselves as the sole doers in all their actions. They recognize the deeper truth that the true doer is the inner Self or Atman, which transcends the body, mind, and senses. They understand that their individuality is just an instrument through which the actions are expressed, and the ultimate doer is the divine consciousness within.

On the other hand, those with an unrefined or deluded intellect fail to grasp this truth. They mistakenly identify themselves solely with the body, mind, and ego, attributing their actions solely to these external aspects. They lack the understanding that they are mere instruments in the hands of the divine, and their limited perception leads them to believe they are the doers of their actions. This limited perspective creates confusion and reinforces the false notion of personal agency, leading to attachment, egoism, and ignorance.

These verses highlight the significance of self-awareness, discernment, and the right understanding of one’s true nature in relation to actions. By recognizing the higher self as the doer and understanding the interplay of various factors in actions, individuals can develop a sense of detachment, surrender, and responsibility in their actions. They can align their actions with higher principles, cultivate wisdom, and gradually transcend the cycle of karma, leading to spiritual growth and liberation.