अधिष्ठानं तथा कर्ता करणं च पृथग्विधम् | विविधाश्च पृथक्चेष्टा दैवं चैवात्र पञ्चमम् || 14 || |
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Commentary
Lord Krishna continues to explain the five causes or factors that contribute to the accomplishment of all actions. He describes these factors as follows:
Adhishthāna: The basis or foundation upon which the action is performed. It refers to the underlying support or platform from which the action arises. It can be understood as the physical body and mental infrastructure necessary for action.
Kartā: The doer or the performer of the action. It represents the individual ego that initiates and carries out the action. The doer is endowed with the power of choice, will, and intention.
Karana: The various instruments or means employed in the execution of the action. It includes the physical and mental faculties, five senses, and tools utilized by the doer to accomplish the action. These instruments act as intermediaries through which the action is manifested.
Vividha: The different activities or actions themselves. It refers to the diverse range of actions that can be undertaken by the doer using the available instruments. Actions can vary in nature, purpose, intensity, and outcome.
Daiva: The Divine influence or the higher cosmic forces that govern and influence the results of actions. It recognizes the element of destiny, providence, and the intricate interplay between individual effort and larger universal forces. It signifies that outcomes are not solely determined by personal efforts but are also influenced by factors beyond human control.
By delineating these five factors of action, Lord Krishna provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of action. It emphasizes the multifaceted nature of any undertaking and the interdependence of various elements involved. This knowledge helps individuals recognize the complexity of actions, make informed choices, and develop a deeper awareness of the role played by both personal effort and divine grace in the outcome of their actions. It encourages individuals to perform their duties with a sense of responsibility, skill, and surrender to the higher divine order.