यया स्वप्नं भयं शोकं विषादं मदमेव च | न विमुञ्चति दुर्मेधा धृति: सा पार्थ तामसी || 35 || |
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Commentary
Lord Krishna describes the nature of determination (dhriti) that arises from the mode of ignorance (tamas). He explains how such determination is characterized by confusion, fear, sorrow, despair, and intoxication, which hinder spiritual growth and prevent one from attaining liberation.
Dhriti in the mode of ignorance is associated with a lack of understanding and wisdom. It is driven by delusion, ignorance, and the influence of one’s lower instincts and habits. This kind of determination is often rooted in attachment to material pleasures, ignorance of one’s true nature, and an inability to perceive the deeper truths of existence.
The verse mentions various negative emotions and states of mind that afflict those in the mode of ignorance. These include:
Swapanam: Delusion or confusion, where one’s perception of reality is distorted.
Bhayam: Fear, arising from a sense of insecurity and a lack of trust.
Shokam: Grief, which results from attachment to worldly possessions or relationships and the subsequent loss or separation.
Viṣhādaṁ: Despair or dejection, a state of deep sadness and hopelessness.
Madameva cha: Intoxication or addiction, referring to the indulgence in sensory pleasures and material desires.
Lord Krishna points out that individuals with a tamasic determination do not possess the clarity of mind and discernment to free themselves from these negative emotions and habits. They remain trapped in ignorance, continuing to engage in actions driven by self-destructive tendencies, attachments, and lower desires.
Such individuals are unable to break free from the cycle of birth and death and fail to attain liberation or spiritual enlightenment. Their actions are primarily motivated by self-gratification, immediate sensory pleasures, and a lack of awareness of the higher purpose of life.
By highlighting the nature of tamasic determination, Lord Krishna urges Arjuna to rise above this mode and cultivate a higher form of determination rooted in knowledge, clarity, and spiritual awareness. He encourages him to transcend ignorance, overcome fear and delusion, and strive for liberation by aligning his actions with wisdom and self-realization.
In summary, the determination in the mode of ignorance is characterized by delusion, fear, grief, despair, and intoxication. It keeps individuals bound to worldly attachments and prevents them from realizing their true nature. Lord Krishna advises Arjuna to transcend tamasic determination and instead cultivate a higher form of determination rooted in knowledge, clarity, and spiritual growth.