यया तु धर्मकामार्थान्धृत्या धारयतेऽर्जुन | प्रसङ्गेन फलाकाङ् क्षी धृति: सा पार्थ राजसी || 34 || |
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Commentary
Lord Krishna explains the nature of determination (dhriti) that arises from the mode of passion (rajas). He highlights how one’s determination can be influenced by attachment, desire, and the pursuit of rewards, which ultimately leads to certain consequences.
Dhriti, in the mode of passion, is characterized by an attachment to external outcomes and the desire for rewards or personal gain. It is driven by ambition, self-interest, and the need for recognition or material benefits. This kind of determination is conditional, as it depends on the attainment of desired results. If the desired outcomes are not achieved or if there are obstacles, such determination can waver or even collapse.
The term “prasangena” in the verse refers to being attached to the results or outcomes (phala) of one’s actions. It signifies an excessive focus on the fruits of one’s endeavors rather than on the intrinsic value or righteousness of the actions themselves. When determination is motivated by a strong attachment to the results, it can lead to frustration, disappointment, and even a loss of clarity and objectivity.
Lord Krishna cautions Arjuna that such rajasic determination, which is influenced by attachment, desire, and the pursuit of rewards, has its limitations and pitfalls. It can create emotional turmoil, mental agitation, and a constant craving for external validation and material gains. It can also lead to impulsive or unethical actions driven by personal interests.
By identifying and understanding the mode of passion, Arjuna is encouraged to be mindful of the nature and quality of his determination. Lord Krishna emphasizes the importance of cultivating a higher form of determination that is rooted in righteousness, duty, and the pursuit of the greater good, rather than being solely driven by personal desires or rewards.
In summary, the determination in the mode of passion is characterized by attachment, desire for rewards, and a focus on external outcomes. It is conditional and influenced by personal interests. This kind of determination may bring temporary gains but often comes with restlessness, discontent, and dependency on external factors. Lord Krishna advises Arjuna to rise above such rajasic determination and instead cultivate a higher form of determination that is aligned with righteousness and selfless action.