बुद्ध्या विशुद्धया युक्तो धृत्यात्मानं नियम्य च | शब्दादीन्विषयांस्त्यक्त्वा रागद्वेषौ व्युदस्य च || 51 || विविक्तसेवी लघ्वाशी यतवाक्कायमानस: | ध्यानयोगपरो नित्यं वैराग्यं समुपाश्रित: || 52 || अहङ्कारं बलं दर्पं कामं क्रोधं परिग्रहम् | विमुच्य निर्मम: शान्तो ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते || 53 || |
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“Dwelling in solitude, eating in moderation, controlling speech, body, and mind, engaging in constant meditation and detachment”
“Renouncing ego, power, arrogance, desire, anger, and possessions, being free from possessiveness and tranquil, one becomes fit for attaining the state of Brāhman.”
Commentary
In these verses, Lord Krishna describes the qualities and practices of an individual who is spiritually advanced and capable of attaining the state of Brāhman, the ultimate reality.
Lord Krishna highlights the importance of a purified intellect (buddhya vishuddhayā) and the control of the mind through determination (dhṛtyātmānam niyamya cha). This means having a discerning and clear intellect, free from delusion, and exercising self-control over the fluctuations of the mind. The individual is advised to relinquish the objects of the senses (śabdādīn viṣayān tyaktvā) and overcome attachment and aversion (rāga-dveṣhau vyudasya cha). By letting go of desires and biases towards sense objects, one attains a state of equanimity.
Verse 52 emphasizes the need for solitude and moderation in various aspects of life. The individual is encouraged to live in seclusion (vivikta-sevī), which allows for introspection and spiritual growth. They are advised to practice moderation in eating (laghvāśhī) to maintain physical and mental well-being. The control of speech, body, and mind (yatavāk-kāyamānasaḥ) is crucial in maintaining harmony and discipline. The person is also instructed to engage in constant meditation (dhyāna-yoga-paraḥ), which leads to deeper spiritual realization. Detachment (vairāgyam) from worldly distractions and desires is emphasized as an essential quality to cultivate.
In verse 53, Lord Krishna presents a list of qualities to renounce, such as ego (ahaṅkāra), power (balam), arrogance (darpa), desire (kāma), anger (krodha), and possessiveness (parigraham). By letting go of these negative traits and attachments, one becomes free from selfishness and finds inner peace. Such an individual is described as tranquil (śāntaḥ), devoid of possessiveness (nirmamaḥ), and fit for attaining the state of Brāhman (brahma-bhūyāya kalpate). Attaining the state of Brāhman refers to the realization of one’s ultimate nature and union with the divine.