सत्त्वात्सञ्जायते ज्ञानं रजसो लोभ एव च | प्रमादमोहौ तमसो भवतोऽज्ञानमेव च || 17 || |
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“From the mode of goodness arises knowledge, from the mode of passion arises greed, and from the mode of ignorance arise delusion and bewilderment.”
Commentary This verse describes the characteristics and effects of the three modes of nature: goodness (sattva), passion (rajas), and ignorance (tamas).
The mode of passion (rajas) is characterized by activity, desire, and ambition. It is associated with restlessness, attachment, and the pursuit of material desires. From the mode of passion arises greed, which drives individuals to incessantly seek material possessions, wealth, and sensory pleasures. The mode of passion tends to keep one attached to the external world and focused on personal gain.
The mode of ignorance (tamas) is marked by lethargy, ignorance, and delusion. It is associated with qualities such as laziness, confusion, and a lack of spiritual awareness. From the mode of ignorance arise delusion and bewilderment, clouding one’s perception and understanding of reality. This mode keeps individuals bound in ignorance and prevents them from recognizing their true nature and the spiritual essence of life.
These modes of nature influence human behavior, thoughts, and actions. The verse emphasizes that knowledge arises from the mode of goodness, while greed arises from the mode of passion, and delusion arises from the mode of ignorance. Understanding the qualities and effects of these modes can help individuals become aware of their own tendencies and make conscious choices to cultivate goodness and transcend the lower modes.